質量控制技術棉纖(xian)(xian)居(ju)成(cheng)(cheng)熟度(du)與紡紗(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)工藝(yi)及成(cheng)(cheng)紗(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)質量的(de)關系許蘭杰郭昕(xin)（遼(liao)東學院）的(de)成(cheng)(cheng)熟度(du)不同(tong)，對(dui)紡紗(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)工藝(yi)、成(cheng)(cheng)紗(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)質量及織物(wu)的(de)染色性能都會(hui)有很大影響。成(cheng)(cheng)熟度(du)高(gao)的(de)棉纖(xian)(xian)居(ju)在紡紗(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)工藝(yi)中易清除(chu)雜質，不易產生棉結(jie)和索絲；成(cheng)(cheng)熟度(du)中等(deng)的(de)棉纖(xian)(xian)居(ju)細度(du)較(jiao)細，成(cheng)(cheng)紗(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)強度(du)高(gao)；成(cheng)(cheng)熟度(du)高(gao)的(de)棉纖(xian)(xian)居(ju)加工成(cheng)(cheng)織物(wu)后，耐磨性好，織物(wu)染色均(jun)勻。

　　前言的(de)(de)(de)成熟(shu)(shu)度不(bu)同，不(bu)僅會(hui)引起纖(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)性能(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)變化，而(er)且對(dui)紡(fang)紗工藝及成紗、織物的(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)量也(ye)會(hui)產生很大的(de)(de)(de)影響。棉(mian)(mian)纖(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)成熟(shu)(shu)度可以(yi)作為評定棉(mian)(mian)纖(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)內(nei)在(zai)(zai)品(pin)質(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)個綜合指標，它直接影響棉(mian)(mian)纖(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)的(de)(de)(de)色澤(ze)(ze)、強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)力(li)(li)、細(xi)度、天然(ran)轉曲(qu)、彈(dan)(dan)性、吸濕、染色等性能(neng)(neng)，因(yin)此，可以(yi)根據棉(mian)(mian)纖(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)的(de)(de)(de)成熟(shu)(shu)度來估計或衡量棉(mian)(mian)纖(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)的(de)(de)(de)其他(ta)各項物理性能(neng)(neng)指標。成熟(shu)(shu)好的(de)(de)(de)棉(mian)(mian)纖(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)天然(ran)轉曲(qu)多，彈(dan)(dan)性好，色澤(ze)(ze)好，在(zai)(zai)紡(fang)紗過程中(zhong)不(bu)宜(yi)形(xing)成棉(mian)(mian)結和(he)索(suo)絲，纖(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)的(de)(de)(de)抱(bao)合性和(he)可紡(fang)性能(neng)(neng)好，成紗條干(gan)均(jun)勻，疵(ci)(ci)點少，其成紗強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)力(li)(li)也(ye)高。而(er)纖(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)成熟(shu)(shu)度太差(cha)時，纖(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)力(li)(li)低，細(xi)度細(xi)，彈(dan)(dan)性和(he)韌(ren)性差(cha)，在(zai)(zai)紡(fang)紗過程中(zhong)易(yi)形(xing)成扭結，使纖(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)外觀疵(ci)(ci)點多，棉(mian)(mian)結雜(za)質(zhi)也(ye)加。但過成熟(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)棉(mian)(mian)纖(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)偏粗，成紗截面內(nei)的(de)(de)(de)纖(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)根數相對(dui)減少，也(ye)影響成紗強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)力(li)(li)。

　　棉(mian)纖(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)的(de)(de)(de)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)熟(shu)(shu)(shu)度(du)(du)(du)棉(mian)纖(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)的(de)(de)(de)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)熟(shu)(shu)(shu)度(du)(du)(du)是(shi)指(zhi)棉(mian)纖(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)中(zhong)細(xi)胞壁厚的(de)(de)(de)程(cheng)度(du)(du)(du)，即棉(mian)纖(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)生長(chang)(chang)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)熟(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)程(cheng)度(du)(du)(du)。棉(mian)纖(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)的(de)(de)(de)許(xu)多(duo)性能(neng)(neng)都(dou)與結構有關，棉(mian)纖(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)的(de)(de)(de)結構在(zai)較大(da)程(cheng)度(du)(du)(du)上(shang)會受到成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)熟(shu)(shu)(shu)度(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)制約，因而(er)棉(mian)纖(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)熟(shu)(shu)(shu)度(du)(du)(du)對(dui)許(xu)多(duo)性能(neng)(neng)都(dou)有較明顯的(de)(de)(de)影響。棉(mian)纖(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)的(de)(de)(de)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)熟(shu)(shu)(shu)度(du)(du)(du)常(chang)采用(yong)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)熟(shu)(shu)(shu)度(du)(du)(du)系數(shu)(shu)(shu)表示，成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)熟(shu)(shu)(shu)度(du)(du)(du)系數(shu)(shu)(shu)越大(da)，表示棉(mian)纖(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)越成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)熟(shu)(shu)(shu)。棉(mian)纖(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)的(de)(de)(de)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)熟(shu)(shu)(shu)度(du)(du)(du)系數(shu)(shu)(shu)在(zai)1 2~25范(fan)圍內(nei)，一(yi)般細(xi)絨棉(mian)的(de)(de)(de)平(ping)均(jun)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)熟(shu)(shu)(shu)度(du)(du)(du)系數(shu)(shu)(shu)為1.5~2 0長(chang)(chang)絨棉(mian)的(de)(de)(de)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)熟(shu)(shu)(shu)度(du)(du)(du)系數(shu)(shu)(shu)在(zai)20以(yi)上(shang)。棉(mian)纖(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)熟(shu)(shu)(shu)度(du)(du)(du)一(yi)般根據纖(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)細(xi)胞壁與纖(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)中(zhong)腔直(zhi)徑的(de)(de)(de)比例(li)確(que)定。它是(shi)反映棉(mian)纖(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)強度(du)(du)(du)、細(xi)度(du)(du)(du)、天然(ran)轉(zhuan)曲、含水以(yi)及光，彈(dan)性的(de)(de)(de)綜(zong)合指(zhi)標對(dui)加工(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)和成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)紗(sha)M的(de)(de)(de)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)熟(shu)(shu)(shu)度(du)(du)(du)條(tiao)干(gan)cvfA細(xi)節個km-1粗(cu)節個km-1棉(mian)結1斷(duan)裂強度(du)(du)(du)影響很大(da)。

　　纖維(wei)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)熟(shu)(shu)(shu)度(du)(du)對應的(de)(de)纖維(wei)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)熟(shu)(shu)(shu)狀(zhuang)況如下：8未(wei)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)熟(shu)(shu)(shu)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)熟(shu)(shu)(shu)度(du)(du)系(xi)數0 8~09成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)熟(shu)(shu)(shu)正常（稍低(di)(di)）成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)熟(shu)(shu)(shu)度(du)(du)系(xi)數09~10成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)熟(shu)(shu)(shu)良(liang)好0很成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)熟(shu)(shu)(shu)一般條(tiao)件下，纖維(wei)生(sheng)長成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)熟(shu)(shu)(shu)，胞壁厚(hou)，截面積大，纖維(wei)號數低(di)(di)，強(qiang)度(du)(du)高，纖維(wei)素含(han)量(liang)多，轉(zhuan)曲(qu)多，光澤(ze)亮，染(ran)色性(xing)能(neng)好，可(ke)紡性(xing)能(neng)也好。當使(shi)用(yong)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)熟(shu)(shu)(shu)度(du)(du)差（成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)熟(shu)(shu)(shu)度(du)(du)系(xi)數在1 00以下）的(de)(de)原棉(mian)時(shi)，紡紗(sha)(sha)過程中(zhong)容易損傷纖維(wei)和形成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)棉(mian)結，成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)紗(sha)(sha)強(qiang)度(du)(du)低(di)(di)，條(tiao)干差，雜疵(ci)也難清除，當染(ran)深色織(zhi)物時(shi)，布面會出現(xian)白星。但過成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)熟(shu)(shu)(shu)棉(mian)纖維(wei)轉(zhuan)曲(qu)少，抱合力差，成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)紗(sha)(sha)品質受到影響(xiang)。因此，棉(mian)纖維(wei)的(de)(de)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)熟(shu)(shu)(shu)度(du)(du)是(shi)原棉(mian)的(de)(de)重要性(xing)質，是(shi)評定原棉(mian)品級的(de)(de)依據之一。

　　成熟度(du)與紡紗工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝的(de)關系原棉中雜質(zhi)和(he)疵點既影(ying)響(xiang)(xiang)紡紗工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝，又影(ying)響(xiang)(xiang)成紗的(de)質(zhi)量(liang)。不同成熟度(du)的(de)原丨棉它(ta)們(men)對紡紗工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝中清雜效(xiao)率和(he)成紗棉結雜質(zhi)數量(liang)的(de)影(ying)響(xiang)(xiang)程度(du)也很大。